Compulsions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Compulsions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Print Compulsions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 31, 2019 yipchoonwai/Getty Images More in OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Living With OCD Related Conditions Compulsions are a key symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). At one time or another, weve certainly all double-checked that we locked the front door, knocked on wood to ward off disaster, or adjusted a picture a couple of times until it was hanging perfectly. While most people go about their daily lives without giving these experiences a second thought, if you have OCD,  compulsions such as these can take over your life and become a source of disability. What Are Compulsions? Behaviors that you repeat over and over again are compulsions. You might repeatedly check to make sure that the front door is locked or that the stove is turned off. These are behaviors that you feel you must carry out over and over, often for hours on end. For example, if you are obsessed with contamination, you might wash your hands over and over again. Other common types of compulsions include cleaning, counting, checking, requesting or demanding reassurance, repeating phrases or sequences of words, and ensuring order and symmetry. The 5 Types of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Compulsions Are Debilitating and Unrealistic Solutions Compulsions are aimed at getting rid of your anxiety or to try to stop a situation that you are afraid of from happening, such as the death of a loved one. Of course, compulsions are often unrealistic solutions to the problems they are supposed to prevent. For example, it is unlikely, if not impossible, that folding laundry in a particular way or counting up to a particular number could ever prevent the death of a loved one. If you have OCD, you usually have insight into the fact that the compulsion has little to do with the actual event, but feel an intense need to carry out the compulsion anyway. Compulsions are usually so debilitating that you have difficulty keeping up at work or maintaining personal relationships. In addition, although any intimate relationship has its ups and downs, dating someone with OCD who has severe and unmanaged compulsions can present some additional challenges. Compulsions and OCD Spectrum Disorders There are a number of other disorders that, while not technically meeting the DSM diagnostic criteria for OCD, have very similar symptoms and fall within the so-called OCD spectrum. This spectrum captures different clusters of symptoms that are reminiscent of, but not exactly the same as, OCD. Often, but not always, the only difference between OCD and a given OCD spectrum disorder is the specific focus of the obsessions and/or compulsions.  For example, people with pathologic skin picking feel compelled to pick or dig at their skin to remove small irregularities such as moles or freckles.   The Most Common Symptoms of OCD Treatment of Compulsions Compulsions are treated effectively with medication and/or psychotherapy. Medical treatment of OCD has focused on drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Well-known SSRIs include Prozac (fluoxetine), Zoloft (sertraline), and Paxil (paroxetine). Anafranil (clomipramine), a tricyclic antidepressant, also may be used to treat OCD. Psychological therapies are effective treatments for reducing the frequency and intensity of symptoms of OCD. Effective psychological treatments for OCD emphasize changes in behavior and/or thoughts. When appropriate, psychotherapy can be done alone or combined with medication. The two main types of psychological therapies for OCD are cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure and response prevention therapy (ERP). ERP is particularly effective for treatment of compulsions. How OCD Can Cause Different Cognitive Distortions

Personal Narrative Demonic Love - 936 Words

She looks into my eyes, and I into hers. Her deep green eyes reminding me of the grass in the long lost heaven. It is like she can see right through me with those eyes. They say the eyes reflect the soul. Guess thats true. My black eyes are resembling my soul pretty well. I am just tormenting her. I should just leave her to be. Then she might be able to solve this. I know she will. Shes destined to beat father after all. But how am I gonna tell her. How could I possibly tell her that my father is the one that has done these hateful acts against the good side. Her side. I am born to in-heir my fathers beliefs and acts. I am born to kill this girl that I have now fallen for. Head over heels. But I cant harm her, not in any way. But I will hurt her. It is unavoidable. The longer I wait the harder it gets, and the more it will hurt her. I raises my fingers and touch her cheek. That makes her lips turn up. Her smile is beautiful. The white teeth fits perfectly with her olive coloured skin , her red lips, and dark brown hair. She leans forward. I know I shouldnt but shes so difficult to resist, to say no, even though it is for her own good. I lean forward. Our lips touches. The well known warmth is growing in my stomach and up my spine, all up to my heart which skips a beat. My lips are burning. I am burning with lust. Lust for her touch, her kiss, her body. But also lust for hearing her voice, lust for seeing her smile, for seeing her eyes light up just like they do rightShow MoreRelatedGreat Performances Of Media Do Not Always Have On Involve Theatrical Acrobatics1147 Words   |  5 PagesGreat performances in media do not always have to involve theatrical acrobatics. An actor’s range or displays of genuine, emotional depth are necessary to build a character that is alive and multi-faceted. But, an actor’s ability to encapsulate a narrative within one’s own character is what is truly a display of an artist. 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With this shift in vocabulary, society has begun to see those who are different, perhaps in skin color, political view, or religious affiliations , and branded them as evil when, in reality, they are simply different. Although the American SocietyRead MoreReis, Elizabeth.Damned Women: Sinners And Witches In Puritan1363 Words   |  6 Pagesthe colonial era in America. Themes: One of the first themes that appears in the text is fear. Fear was a driving force in colonial society. According to Reis, colonial Church sermons emphasized the horrors that befell a sinner, rather than the love and mercy of Christ (19, 25). Children were raised that under the notion that God was a vengeful deity and that they should fear Satan s persistent attempts to make them sin (35). 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Sirenetta and the prince fall in love, but ultimately the prince is ordered to marry another woman and breaks her heart(7). Ultimately, Sirenetta sacrifices

Report Of A Devastating Famine Of Malawi - 2250 Words

Reports of a devastating famine in Malawi first surfaced as rumors coming from rural areas of the country around October 2001. Malawians in the cities, including government officials in Lilongwe, the capital, were slow to believe, or act on, the persistent accounts. Even when well-known advocacy groups like the Malawi Economic Justice Network (MEJN) and the Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace presented data to back up the reports, they were dismissed as lacking credibility. But incredible as it may have seemed, Malawi - hardly a desert state, but a densely-populated country in a lush region - really was facing catastrophic food shortages in the wake of a combination of flooding and a regional drought, and after over a decade of â€Å"structural adjustment† policies designed by the IMF. The crisis in rural Malawi finally hit the headlines on February 22, 2002, when MEJN succeeded in attracting attention to its call for government and donor action. It dewmanded that â€Å"the Government should acknowledge that there is hunger in Malawi; make the holding of maize a crime, subsidize the price of maize in Malawi; government and civil society should provide food supplies to vulnerable groups.† At this point, the mainstream international media started broadcasting reports of a famine emergency, desperation and critical food shortages. An international blame game has emerged between the government of Malawi and the IMF. Malawi’s President, Bakili Muluzi, declared: â€Å"The IMF is to blameShow MoreRelatedThe Key Skills Needed By A Social Worker?2352 Words   |  10 Pagescounselling and support through a crisis that may be due to death, illness, relationship breakdown or other reasons. Guide small groups of people to share their experiences, support each other and learn social skills. Provide letters of referral or reports that will help client to obtain other services such as crisis accommodation or social security (From Job Guide 2014). What kinds of jobs are available in Australia and AfricaRead MoreDiscuss the Importance of Non Verbal Communication to Education24125 Words   |  97 Pagesadult prevalence, high impact levelFocus on REHABILITATIONNational-level examples: the United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda. | Phase 3: High HIV/AIDS adult prevalence, high impact levelFocus on IMPACT ALLEVIATIONNational-level examples: Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. | 48. Since HIV/AIDS is a long-wave disaster, measures to reduce its spread and impact are required before, during and after the peak of the epidemic. Before an HIV epidemic makes its impact felt, response

Surfacing-Margaret Atwood Free Essays

Back at her old nature satiated homestead she begins to recall from her mind the clouded thoughts of a mime that was and the memories burled deep In her soul that will eventually surface. I believe the protagonist suffers from a combination of Inferiority complex and anxiety; and stemming from the fact that she has had several failed relationships only solidifies the belief that her Internal disorders magnify and rule her life, but she eventually comes to recognize this. Throughout the story she Intentionally looks for flaws In the people around, and uses this as an excuse for not giving herself to a relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Surfacing-Margaret Atwood or any similar topic only for you Order Now She routinely correlates good evil as a manipulative tool to ensure her isolation. She has suffered rejection, abortion, and the cold and not-so-pretty realities of the world and passes the blame to her parents for not preparing her. It began after her college Professor, a married father, paid for her abortion and left her alone in an ‘abortion house’ so she could pass away the life of their unborn daughter. Snatched from her womb, she is haunted by the images. She wanted to conceive Joey’s baby in order to replace the terminated seedling that she had destroyed. She talks in artful metaphors about that day throughout the story and I didn’t fully realize the implications until after she surfaced from the bottom of the cake. As she lay there in the boat recalling the created lies and the distance she had created with her family in order to preserve her sanity I began to flip back toward the beginning correlating the vague and indirect innuendos from earlier in the story. The picturesque wedding at the post office, the daughter that never was, these were all a collage; layered memories, crafted and cleverly constructed in order to hide the ugly truth. Finally, her tattered and broken emotions are able to surface from the bottom of the lake, only to have them buried again as she receives the news of her ethers death from that liar David’, and its as if the denial seed would grow new roots again, saving her from yet another brink of despair. She decides she will take the â€Å"Random Samples† of David and Joe with her and reels them out Into the lake, and In doing so I think she is freeing Anne from her life of pain with David. The mind Is a powerful place, and his was a powerful story. My only disappointment was at the end, for not knowing whether or not she and Joe reunited. Was, she really pregnant? Did she regain her sanity? I’d Like to think so†¦ Margaret Atwood tells a story In an absolutely magical way. She has such strong construction of words, blending and layering them effortlessly to construct raw emotion In the process. I’m keeping this one! Surfacing-Margaret Atwood By Marseille their two friendly antagonist acquaintances’, Anne David, have Joined her in the the remote summer lake house, situated on a private island. Back at her old nature time that was and the memories buried deep in her soul that will eventually surface. I believe the protagonist suffers from a combination of inferiority complex and only solidifies the belief that her internal disorders magnify and rule her life, but she eventually comes to recognize this. Throughout the story she intentionally looks for flaws in the people around, and uses this as an excuse for not giving herself to a relationship. She routinely correlates good evil as a manipulative tool to ensure â€Å"Random Samples† of David and Joe with her and reels them out into the lake, and in doing so I think she is freeing Anne from her life of pain with David. The mind is a Did she regain her sanity? I’d like to think so†¦ Margaret Atwood tells a story in an layering them effortlessly to construct raw emotion in the process. I’m keeping this How to cite Surfacing-Margaret Atwood, Papers

Primary Interest of Each Stakeholder

Question: Every project has a set of stakeholderspeople who have a direct interest in the project. Stakeholders may have different interests in the project. What do you think are some of the primary interests of each stakeholder? If two people in any environment have different interests about the same object, and these interests are opposite, problems are bound to arise. Give an example of a project where two stakeholders have different interests. In your example, what are the interests that generate conflict? Suppose you are a project manager. Explain how youll handle these problems or conflicts. Which of these problems can be avoided early on? Answer: Primary Interest of Each Stakeholder The stakeholders of the organization can be the employees, working for the organization, or it can be the shareholders of the organization, and the investors could be the stakeholders of the organization at the same time. Therefore, there are different groups of people, who are the stakeholders of the organization. Different groups have different priorities and interest. The shareholders of the organization give importance to profit maximization, and they want to earn a profit from the return on investment. The employees of the organization emphasize better working condition, and only a better working condition could retain the workforce (Chevalier, 2016). The investors give importance to the environmental issues and they want to find out the response of the company on the environmental factor. After receiving the response, the investors invest money on a particular project. Interests of the Stakeholders Generating Conflict Along with an Example Stakeholder conflicts, therefore, arises because the views and interest of the stakeholders on the same matter are different. The difference creates a conflict, which could also affect the productivity of the organization. For example in the RELX Group, the organization decided that it would provide training program to its employees. The training and the development program requires both time and resources, and these time and resources could be used in other sectors of the same organization as well (Cantoria, 2016). Thus, for the shareholders it is not something that will help the organization to earn huge profit through less return on investment. The employees, on the other hand, would support the particular project because they will be benefitted from this project. Therefore, it will create a conflict within the organization, and it is possible that the organization will lose few of their shareholders or skilled and efficient employees. Managing the Conflict as a Project Manager Problems that could be avoided The problem that is being faced by the RELX Group could be avoided easily only few simple steps should be followed in order to avoid the problem: Identifying the problem in the initial stage and adopting effective measures, so that the situation does not go out of control. Therefore, before communicating with the stakeholders one should use the management skills to find out the problem that may give rise to a conflict. Clearly communicating with the stakeholders, building a positive relationship with the stakeholders and organization is only possible through clear communication. One should be able to talk through the conflicts and should accordingly try to agree on one common point (Cuppen, 2016). Sometimes the project manager may like to introduce new policies within the organization, but they may involve huge amount of investment, which could lead to conflict. For example, organization may want to invest on projects like green energy, but then that requires huge amount of investment. Therefore, to avoid such a thing, it is important to communicate with the stakeholders in a proper way. The stakeholders should know that the particular project would help in the long-term; and in the long-term the return on investment, too would more from this project. Thus, it is important to communicate in a clear and in a proper way with the stakeholders. Behaving in a professional way and maintaining calm is the best way to manage the conflict that may arise because of the difference in the opinion that is there among the stakeholders (Buthmann, 2016). If the project manager behave in an unprofessional way and shouts at the stakeholder then it will lead to insulting the stakeholders, which may cause bigger damage to the organization. The use of the neutral language could diffuse the aggression and could help in managing the conflict that is there. Problems that are Impossible to avoid The project manager could handle certain conflicts that may arise within the organization but there are few conflicts, which do not have any solution. For instance, in case of providing goods at the lowest price to the customers, one of the stakeholders of the organization, sometimes, the organization has to make some compromises (Walker, 2015). The compromises are most of the time related to the ethical practices from the part of the supplier. Moreover, to provide cheapest goods to the consumer the organization may compromise with the salary of the employees. Therefore, these problems are certain problems that could give rise to conflicts and these kinds of conflicts are most of the time not handled by the project manager. Definition of Project Charter The statement of objective in the project is known as the project charter. The project charter has the detail information about the project goals and objectives and at the same time the roles and the responsibilities of the project. The charter identifies the main stakeholders in the project and the level of authority of the project manager. The project charter provides value to the business. The project charter helps the project to have an alignment with the project strategies. References Buthmann, A. (2016).Preventing Conflicts Through Stakeholder Management.Isixsigma.com. Retrieved 28 July 2016, from Cantoria, C. (2016).Conflicts of Interest Between Different Stakeholders: Whose Interest Must Prevail?.Brighthub Project Management. Retrieved 28 July 2016, from Chevalier, J. M. (2016). Stakeholder analysis and natural resource management. Cuppen, E. (2016). 15 Stakeholder Analysis.Foresight in Organizations: Methods and Tools, 208. Harrison, J. S., Van der Laan Smith, J. (2015). Responsible accounting for stakeholders.Journal of Management Studies,52(7), 935-960. Walker, A. (2015).Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

Zara Pandora Recommendations Essay Example

Zara Pandora Recommendations Essay Zara case Zara uses a vertically integrated system (VMS): In this system, wholesalers, retailers and distributors work as a unified system. One channel owns the others. They have a corporate VMS system, because Zara has managed to build a system that is controlled from the headquarters and it allows a quick response to decide and solve problems. Inditex, Zara’s parent company owns most of the resources to design, produce and distribute. Recommendations: Instead of doing everything themselves, Zara could train their managers in the local stores to already make quick decisions than to just send many ideas to the main headquarters in Spain and let them decide what is best. So spread the decision making process among their local stores. Zara’s vertical integration has many advantages, but there is a drawback for Zara as they focus distributing small batch quantities and do not receive any discounts on manufacturing large quantities. Pandora Value Chain Analysis describes the activities that take place in a business and relates them to an analysis of the competitive strength of the business. The activities of a business could be grouped under two headings: Primary Activities those that are directly concerned with creating and delivering a product. -Inbound logistics: All the raw materials are collected from their distributors and in Pandora’s case these are the songs from musicians. Operations: is transforming the raw materials into a finished product and service. We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Pandora Recommendations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Pandora Recommendations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Pandora Recommendations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Pandora’s software gets smarter through the listener’s inputs of likes and dislikes and marks them as unique playlist for that same user. Outbound logistics: All those activities associated with getting finished goods and services to buyers. Pandora has pushed the music service into a variety of channels, including apps for smart phones and tablets as well as through home entertainment systems such as video game players, DVD players and Internet radios. Marketing Sales: Essentially an information activity informing buyers and consumers about products and services (benefits, use, price etc. Pandora informs their listeners firstly through web page, and then music has become more mobile. Pandora has formed strategic partnerships to push their music service into different channels, such as apps for smartphones and tablets, as well as through video game players, DVD players and Internet. Since listening to music goes through the radio, Pandora has also collaborated with new car brands. Service: All those activities associated with maintaining product performance after the product has been sold. The service plays musical selections of a certain genre based on the users artist selection. The user then provides positive or negative feedback for songs chosen by the service, which are taken into account when Pandora selects future songs. Recommendation: The client should have more possibilities to have an opinion on the music instead of likes and dislikes. So after each opinion they have, they get a small questionnaire. Global market The activity of buying or selling goods and services in all the countries of the world, or the value of the goods and services sold. Global marketing is sometimes used to refer to overseas expansion efforts through licensing, franchises, and joint ventures. Zara got stores all over the world. If the designers design new clothes, it will come in all the stores. Zara does most of the things by themselves, like making their own fabric, produce their own clothes and having their own designers. Recommendation Zara could create a joint venture with distributors in the markets such as Asia or the US, to produce the products for them. Support Activities, which whilst they are not directly involved in production, may increase effectiveness or efficiency. Procurement: When the raw material is purchased together with other inputs to create value to the product and support the value chain activities. In the case of Pandora the raw materials purchased are the songs from musicians. Technology development: Includes research and development, process automation, and other technology development to support the value chain activity. For Pandora they have an automated software-driven machine that discerns the types of music and places them in genres. Human Resource Management Using people as a resource to support the value chain. Young analysist analyze of the music by a professional musician to analyze and decode them in different genres. Young analysts sit together with senior analysts to encode the music and add features to differentiate its service. Firm Infrastructure Includes activities such as finance, strategic planning and control, general management, etc. Pandora is mostly focused on strategic planning ; control, because they have to critically analyze their songs they get delivered from musicians. This takes a lot of time and need be planned strategically. Strategic planning is then linked to general management. Recommendation: Pandora can hire more junior analyst which can be trained to become senior analyst so that the work is divided.

Biography of Frances Willard, Temperance Leader

Biography of Frances Willard, Temperance Leader Frances Willard (September 28, 1839–February 17, 1898) was one of the best-known and most influential women of her day and headed  the Womens Christian Temperance Union from 1879 to 1898. She was also the first dean of women at Northwestern University.  Her image  appeared on a 1940 postage stamp and she was the  first woman represented in Statuary Hall at the U.S. Capitol Building. Fast Facts: Frances Willard Known For: Womens rights and temperance leaderAlso Known As: Frances Elizabeth Caroline Willard, St. FrancesBorn: September 28, 1839 in Churchville, New YorkParents: Josiah Flint Willard, Mary Thompson Hill WillardDied: February 17, 1898 in New York CityEducation: Northwestern Female CollegePublished Works:  Woman and temperance, or the work and workers of the Womans Christian Temperance Union, Glimpses of fifty years: The autobiography of an American woman, Do everything: A handbook for the worlds white ribboners, How to Win: A Book for Girls, Woman in the Pulpit, A Wheel within a Wheel: How I Learned to Ride the BicycleAwards and Honors:  Namesake for many schools and organizations; named to the National Womens Hall of FameNotable Quote: If women can organize missionary societies, temperance societies, and every kind of charitable organization...why not permit them to be ordained to preach the Gospel and administer the sacraments of the Church? Early Life Frances Willard was born on September 28, 1839, in Churchville, New York, a farming community. When she was 3, the family moved to Oberlin, Ohio, so that her father could study for the ministry at Oberlin College. In 1846 the family moved again, this time to Janesville, Wisconsin, for her fathers health. Wisconsin became a state in 1848, and Josiah Flint Willard, Frances father, was a member of the legislature. There, while Frances lived on a family farm in the West, her brother was her playmate and companion. Frances Willard dressed as a boy and was known to friends as Frank. She preferred to avoid womens work such as housework, preferring more active play. Frances Willards mother had also been educated at Oberlin College, in a time when few women studied at the college level. Frances mother educated her children at home until the town of Janesville established its own schoolhouse in 1883. Frances, in her turn, enrolled in the Milwaukee Seminary, a respected school for women teachers. Her father wanted her to transfer to a Methodist school, so Frances and her sister Mary went to Evanston College for Ladies in Illinois. Her brother studied at Garrett Biblical Institute in Evanston, preparing for the Methodist ministry. Her entire family moved at that time to Evanston.  Frances graduated in 1859 as valedictorian.   Romance? In 1861, Frances got engaged to Charles H. Fowler, then a divinity student, but she broke off the engagement the next year despite pressure from her parents and brother.  She wrote later in her autobiography, referring to her own journal notes at the time of the breaking of the engagement, In 1861 to 62, for three-quarters of a year I wore a ring and acknowledged an allegiance based on the supposition that an intellectual comradeship was sure to deepen into a unity of heart. How grieved I was over the discovery of my mistake the journals of that epoch could reveal.  She was, she said in her journal at the time, afraid of her future if she did not marry, and she was unsure shed find another man to marry. Her autobiography reveals that there was a real romance of my life, saying that she would be glad to have it known only after her death, for I believe it might contribute to a better understanding between good men and women.  It may be that her romantic interest was in a teacher who she describes in her journals; if so, the relationship may have been broken up by the jealousy of a female friend. Teaching Career Frances Willard taught at a variety of institutions for almost 10 years, while her diary records her thinking about womens rights and what role she could play in the world in making a difference for women. Frances Willard went on a world tour with her friend Kate Jackson in 1868 and returned to Evanston to become head of Northwestern Female College, her alma mater under its new name. After that school merged into Northwestern University as the Womans College of that university, Frances Willard was appointed Dean of Women of the Womans College in 1871 and a professor of Aesthetics in the Universitys Liberal Arts college. In 1873, she attended the National Womens Congress and made connections with many womens rights activists on the East Coast. Womens Christian Temperance Union By 1874, Willards ideas had clashed with those of the university president, Charles H. Fowler, the same man to whom she had been engaged in 1861. The conflicts escalated, and in March 1874, Frances Willard chose to leave the university.  She had become involved in temperance work and accepted the job of president of the Chicago Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). She became the corresponding secretary of the Illinois WCTU in October of that year. The following month while attending the national WCTU convention as a Chicago delegate, she became the corresponding secretary of the national WCTU, a position that required frequent travel and speaking. From 1876, she also headed up the WCTU publications committee. Willard was also associated briefly with evangelist Dwight Moody, although she was disappointed when she realized he only wanted her to speak to women. In 1877, she resigned as president of the Chicago organization. Willard had come into some conflict with national WCTU president Annie Wittenmyer over Willards push to get the organization to endorse woman suffrage as well as temperance, and so Willard also resigned from her positions with the national WCTU. Willard began lecturing for woman suffrage. In 1878, Willard won the presidency of the Illinois WCTU, and the next year, she became president of the national WCTU, following Annie Wittenmyer. Willard remained president of the national WCTU until her death. In 1883, Frances Willard was one of the founders of the Worlds WCTU. She supported herself with lecturing until 1886, when the WCTU granted her a salary. Frances Willard also participated in the founding of the National Council of Women in 1888 and served one year as its first president. Organizing Women As head of the first national organization in America for women, Frances Willard endorsed the idea that the organization should do everything. That meant to work not only for temperance, but also for womens suffrage, social purity (protecting young girls and other women sexually by raising the age of consent, establishing rape laws, holding male customers equally responsible for prostitution violations, etc.), and other social reforms. In fighting for temperance, she depicted the liquor industry as ridden with crime and corruption. She described men who drank alcohol as victims for succumbing to the temptations of liquor. Women, who had few legal rights to divorce, child custody, and financial stability, were described as the ultimate victims of liquor. But Willard did not see women primarily as victims. While coming from a separate spheres vision of society and valuing womens contributions as homemakers and child educators as equal to mens in the public sphere, she also promoted womens right to choose to participate in the public sphere. She endorsed womens right to become ministers and preachers as well. Frances Willard remained a staunch Christian, rooting her reform ideas in her faith. She disagreed with the criticism of religion and the Bible by other suffragists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, though Willard continued to work with such critics on other issues. Racism Controversy In the 1890s, Willard tried to gain support in the white community for temperance by raising fears that alcohol and black mobs were a threat to white womanhood.  Ida B. Wells, the great anti-lynching advocate, had shown by documentation that most lynchings were defended by such myths of attacks on white women, while the motivations were usually instead economic competition. Lynch denounced Willards comments as racist and debated her on a trip to England in 1894. Significant Friendships Lady Somerset of England was a close friend of Frances Willard, and Willard spent time at her home resting from her work. Anna Gordon was Willards private secretary and her living and traveling companion for her last 22 years. Gordon succeeded to the presidency of the Worlds WCTU when Frances died. She mentions a secret love in her diaries, but it was never revealed who the person was. Death While preparing to leave for New England in New York City, Willard contracted influenza and died on February 17, 1898. (Some sources point to pernicious anemia, the source of several years of ill health.) Her death was met with national mourning: flags in New York, Washington, D.C., and Chicago were flown at half-staff, and thousands attended services where the train with her remains stopped on its way back to Chicago and her burial in Rosehill Cemetery. Legacy A rumor for many years was that Frances Willards letters had been destroyed by her companion Anna Gordon at or before Willards death.  But her diaries, though lost for many years, were rediscovered in the 1980s in a cupboard at the Frances E. Willard Memorial Library at the Evanston headquarters of the NWCTU.  Also found there were letters and many scrapbooks that had not been known until then.  Her journals and diaries number 40 volumes, which has provided a wealth of primary resource material for biographers.  The journals cover her younger years (age 16 to 31) and two of her later years (ages 54 and 57). Sources â€Å"Biography.†Ã‚  Frances Willard House Museum Archives.The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"Frances Willard.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 14 Feb. 2019.