Land Acquisition in Zambia Free Essays

string(54) medium to high potential for agribusiness production. Because of the impacts of food value emergency of 2007-2008, there was developing worry among the countries about the food security. There was flood sought after for food items by the food bringing in nations and in this way food-creating nations forced a few limitations on the food fares of food grains. So as to fulfill the developing need of food and face expanding pressures on regular assets and water shortage, the nations with land and water requirements required an elective methods for delivering food. We will compose a custom article test on Land Acquisition in Zambia or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Obtaining of farmland in the creating nations by these nations looks to guarantee food security. More on the land obtaining drive) These speculations are not driven by the idea of relative bit of leeway in the huge scope creation of indigenous yield (Mann and Smaller; 1; January 2010). The higher oil costs in 2007-2008 were another driver, which activated enthusiasm of created nations to obtain land for vitality crops. Worldwide money related emergency additionally urged financial specialists to put resources into remote grounds. The estimation of both food and rich land was set to expand, making them an alluring new speculation. Budgetary assets in creating nations may not be sufficient to meet infrastructural venture required to utilize the land to its latent capacity. Some creating nations are looking for outside speculation to misuse their overflow land which is presently unused or under-used. This may prompt making of occupations in country regions and there may likewise be interest in wellbeing and training segment. Innovation move by the financial specialist nations may prompt increment in ranch profitability. Anyway these ventures are not without exchange offs. There are worries about the effect on nearby needy individuals, who need access to and command over land on which they depend. There can be neighborhood joblessness due to ventures with imported workforce and serious extent of motorization. It will likewise prompt increment in territorial land costs through taking off rivalry with respect to real esatate and assets, and hence less access of land to destitute individuals. Outside financial specialists can likewise develop as solid contenders to neighborhood makers, particularly little families. There is likewise danger of land clashes in regions without all around characterized land titles (Bicker and Breuer; 37; April 2009). Now and again, the land leases are advocated on the premise that the land being procured by the outside financial specialist is â€Å"unproductive† or â€Å"underutilized. † However, there might be that the land is being utilized by poor for purposes, for example, touching creatures and get-together fuel wood or therapeutic plants. These utilizations will in general be underestimated in legitimate appraisals since they are not advertised, however they can give significant business sources to poor people. †(Von Braun and Meinzen-Dick; 2; April 2009) Large-scale land acquisitions may additionally imperil the government assistance of the poor by denying them of the security net capacity of this sort. There can be misappropriation of arable land, uprooting of indigenous individuals without remuneration and movement to urban communities. So it is essential to guarantee that these land bargains, and the earth inside which they occur, are planned in far that will decrease the dangers and encourage the â€Å"win-win† circumstance for all the gatherings in question. As per Sustainable improvement advancement briefs (January 2010), â€Å"There are three wellsprings of law administering remote interest in rural land. 1) Domestic law 2) International speculation contract 3) International venture understandings (IIAs) As indicated by Ministry of Agriculture and Co-agents of Republic of Zambia, Zambia has the best surface and underground water assets in Africa, with numerous streams, lakes and dams. Offering outskirts to eight nations, Zambia is midway arranged as an entryway to both southern and focal Africa. This area is deliberately invaluable by setting Zambia in a situation to misuse the developing provincial markets of SADC and COMESA, and be a functioning member in territorial and global horticulture exchange activities (Source: The best of Zambia). Indeed, even with asset gift for advancement of a wide range yields, domesticated animals, and fish given the decent variety of its agro-biological zones, there was absence of development in light of the fact that at first work was constrained toward mining area. Urbanization kept the individuals to urban areas as it were. There was absence of framework and utilities in rustic regions which forces a higher social expense in moving towards agribusiness segment. The approaches which occurred were coordinated towards the improvement of mining division, dismissing agribusiness. It is by and large observed that the created nations are basically with growing mechanical part. These created nations have at first aggregated the overflow in farming area and afterward contributed that surplus for extension of modern division. So there is have to create agribusiness at first. Zambia is plentiful in mineral assets. To investigate the potential there is have to create farming segment. In Zambia, most ranchers are uncertain in the responsibility for land they work in. Under 5% of them have leasehold title for their territory. Most ranchers pay lease to champions or have a sharecropping game plan with the title proprietors. Others rely upon land claimed either by the legislature or private proprietors, or on chamber or ranger service land for their living. Those living in territories of standard land use don't should be counseled before mining activities are permitted, and are generally not even mindful of the chance of putting land debates before the Lands Tribunal (MacCuish and Frankel for the benefit of Halifax Initiative Coalition). The endeavors of the Agriculture Department to separate proprietorship and utilization of farming regions were prevented by the absence of data about who possessed the land. As indicated by report of Global Times ( 9 September 2009), The Zambian government is to devise gauges that would smoothen and revive the procurement of title deeds by forthcoming area proprietors, this was done in an offer to engage the less advantaged individuals to possess land in the nation. The destitute individuals can utilize land as insurance for them to get to credits for land improvement. As indicated by Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives of Zambia (26 January 2010), â€Å"Out of 75 million hectares place that is known for Zambia, 43 million hectares (53%) is named medium to high potential for agribusiness creation. You read Land Acquisition in Zambia in class Article models So far just 6. 02 (14%) of farming area is at present used. Water system all out potential is 2. 7 million hectares out of which around 156000 hectares is under irrigation†. Designers are given a decent cost for grain however because of absence of market get to the move is exceeded by poor foundation. Zambia blessed with rich characteristic assets needs speculation by remote financial specialists to fortify Zambia’s monetary muscle (Zambia Mail dated May 11, 2010) Acquisition of land by the outside speculators is questionable and bearers numerous dangers. Outside speculation can likewise be made through agreement cultivating and out-producers plan or joint endeavor or arrangement of framework by the speculator nation. (David Hallam; 6; December, 2009) According to FAO (2001), â€Å"Contract cultivating can be characterized as an understanding among ranchers and preparing/advertising firms for the creation and flexibly of horticulture items under forward understanding, every now and again at foreordained costs. The game plans additionally constantly include the buyer in giving a level of creation support through, for instance, the flexibly of sources of info and arrangement of specialized counsel. The premise of such plans is a dedication with respect to the rancher to give a particular item in amounts and at quality gauges dictated by the buyer and a responsibility with respect to the organization to help the farmer’s creation and to buy the commodity†. In contract cultivating, ranchers need to free some opportunity over the selection of yields they need to develop. The primary items delivered by little scope ranchers in Zambia under agreement cultivating plans are cotton, tobacco, espresso, sugar, paprika and new vegetables. Recently nectar, animals (pigs and dairy steers) and natural items are likewise coming up. Likilunga; 3; December 2005) Nevertheless, joint endeavors between remote financial specialists and neighborhood makers or their relationship as accomplices would offer more overflow benefits for the host nation. Blended models are likewise conceivable with interests in an enormous scope center endeavor at the middle yet additionally including outgrowers under agreements to enhance center creation. A few governments have been dynamic in empowering remote association in such endeavors, as in the Tanzanian sugar division or the purported â€Å"Farm Blocks† in Zambia (David Hallam; 6; December, 2009). Zambian government has set out on a program to open up feasible ranch obstructs in different pieces of nation to be engaged with essential creation and worth expansion. In Farm Block Development, Government needs to give essential foundation, for example, street, scaffolds and jolt. The plan of Farm square is as follow. There is one center endeavor of 10,000 Hectares with business homesteads of 1000-5000 Hectares and little possessions of 30-300 Hectares. (Service of Agriculture and Cooperatives of Zambia; 26 January 2010). The sort of plan of action to be embraced relies upon specific qualities of the economy I. e. olitical and social conditions, explicit conditions, the item concerned and so on. Land procurement and commercialization of agribusiness is great, when economies of scale are significant or there is requirement for interest in framework. Agreement cultivating or outgrower conspire is desir

Macbeth - Images and Imagery :: Macbeth essays

MacbethL Imagery             One of the most significant instruments in writing is imagery.  It isn't only in there to top off paper; rather, there is in any event one emotional reason for each picture and there are a wide range of kinds of imagery.  This exposition looks for to demonstrate that in the play Macbeth the creator William Shakespeare utilizes obscurity symbolism for three sensational purposes.  Those three reasons for existing are, to make air, to stir the feelings of the crowd and to add to the significant subject of the play.       The obscurity symbolism in Macbeth adds to its unpropitious atmosphere.  In the absolute starting point of the play the three witches are talking and the primary witch says When will we three meet again?  In thunder, lightning, or in downpour? (Macbeth 1. 1. line 1).  This is a genuine case of murkiness symbolism since when you think of  the slamming thunder, lightning and downpour, they all help you to remember malicious and foreboding things.  Later on the Sergeant is conversing with Duncan and Malcolm when he states Boat destroying storms and direful roars break (1. 2. l26). Again this obscurity symbolism adds to the inauspicious air of the play, having reference to roar and dull storms.  Finally, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are talking in the scene not long before the homicide of Banquo and Macbeth says Light thickens, and the crow makes wing to the rooky wood: Good things of day start to hang and drowse, whiles night's dark specialists to their preys do stir (3. 2. l50-53).  This case of haziness symbolism is stating that the day is transforming into night, all the beneficial things are resting, and the insidiousness animals are coming out .  The underhandedness in this past citation and the two prior to adds to the inauspicious air. Since the symbolism makes an unpropitious air it would then prompt the second emotional reason, to stimulate the feelings of the audience.  Darkness symbolism is an excellent instrument for stirring the feelings of  the audience.  It empowers individuals to make a psychological picture of the what they are reading.  For example, in this case of dimness symbolism Duncan and Macbeth were talking when Macbeth says aside Stars, conceal your flames! Let not light observe my dark and profound wants (1. 4. l50-51).  When words like dull and want are placed in that setting it makes numerous frightful mental pictures about homicides and battles which stirs people groups feelings. Ross is later chatting with an elderly person when he states By the clock 'tis day, but then dull night chokes the voyaging light (2.

Compulsions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Compulsions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Print Compulsions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 31, 2019 yipchoonwai/Getty Images More in OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Living With OCD Related Conditions Compulsions are a key symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). At one time or another, weve certainly all double-checked that we locked the front door, knocked on wood to ward off disaster, or adjusted a picture a couple of times until it was hanging perfectly. While most people go about their daily lives without giving these experiences a second thought, if you have OCD,  compulsions such as these can take over your life and become a source of disability. What Are Compulsions? Behaviors that you repeat over and over again are compulsions. You might repeatedly check to make sure that the front door is locked or that the stove is turned off. These are behaviors that you feel you must carry out over and over, often for hours on end. For example, if you are obsessed with contamination, you might wash your hands over and over again. Other common types of compulsions include cleaning, counting, checking, requesting or demanding reassurance, repeating phrases or sequences of words, and ensuring order and symmetry. The 5 Types of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Compulsions Are Debilitating and Unrealistic Solutions Compulsions are aimed at getting rid of your anxiety or to try to stop a situation that you are afraid of from happening, such as the death of a loved one. Of course, compulsions are often unrealistic solutions to the problems they are supposed to prevent. For example, it is unlikely, if not impossible, that folding laundry in a particular way or counting up to a particular number could ever prevent the death of a loved one. If you have OCD, you usually have insight into the fact that the compulsion has little to do with the actual event, but feel an intense need to carry out the compulsion anyway. Compulsions are usually so debilitating that you have difficulty keeping up at work or maintaining personal relationships. In addition, although any intimate relationship has its ups and downs, dating someone with OCD who has severe and unmanaged compulsions can present some additional challenges. Compulsions and OCD Spectrum Disorders There are a number of other disorders that, while not technically meeting the DSM diagnostic criteria for OCD, have very similar symptoms and fall within the so-called OCD spectrum. This spectrum captures different clusters of symptoms that are reminiscent of, but not exactly the same as, OCD. Often, but not always, the only difference between OCD and a given OCD spectrum disorder is the specific focus of the obsessions and/or compulsions.  For example, people with pathologic skin picking feel compelled to pick or dig at their skin to remove small irregularities such as moles or freckles.   The Most Common Symptoms of OCD Treatment of Compulsions Compulsions are treated effectively with medication and/or psychotherapy. Medical treatment of OCD has focused on drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Well-known SSRIs include Prozac (fluoxetine), Zoloft (sertraline), and Paxil (paroxetine). Anafranil (clomipramine), a tricyclic antidepressant, also may be used to treat OCD. Psychological therapies are effective treatments for reducing the frequency and intensity of symptoms of OCD. Effective psychological treatments for OCD emphasize changes in behavior and/or thoughts. When appropriate, psychotherapy can be done alone or combined with medication. The two main types of psychological therapies for OCD are cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure and response prevention therapy (ERP). ERP is particularly effective for treatment of compulsions. How OCD Can Cause Different Cognitive Distortions

Personal Narrative Demonic Love - 936 Words

She looks into my eyes, and I into hers. Her deep green eyes reminding me of the grass in the long lost heaven. It is like she can see right through me with those eyes. They say the eyes reflect the soul. Guess thats true. My black eyes are resembling my soul pretty well. I am just tormenting her. I should just leave her to be. Then she might be able to solve this. I know she will. Shes destined to beat father after all. But how am I gonna tell her. How could I possibly tell her that my father is the one that has done these hateful acts against the good side. Her side. I am born to in-heir my fathers beliefs and acts. I am born to kill this girl that I have now fallen for. Head over heels. But I cant harm her, not in any way. But I will hurt her. It is unavoidable. The longer I wait the harder it gets, and the more it will hurt her. I raises my fingers and touch her cheek. That makes her lips turn up. Her smile is beautiful. The white teeth fits perfectly with her olive coloured skin , her red lips, and dark brown hair. She leans forward. I know I shouldnt but shes so difficult to resist, to say no, even though it is for her own good. I lean forward. Our lips touches. The well known warmth is growing in my stomach and up my spine, all up to my heart which skips a beat. My lips are burning. I am burning with lust. Lust for her touch, her kiss, her body. But also lust for hearing her voice, lust for seeing her smile, for seeing her eyes light up just like they do rightShow MoreRelatedGreat Performances Of Media Do Not Always Have On Involve Theatrical Acrobatics1147 Words   |  5 PagesGreat performances in media do not always have to involve theatrical acrobatics. An actor’s range or displays of genuine, emotional depth are necessary to build a character that is alive and multi-faceted. But, an actor’s ability to encapsulate a narrative within one’s own character is what is truly a display of an artist. 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Report Of A Devastating Famine Of Malawi - 2250 Words

Reports of a devastating famine in Malawi first surfaced as rumors coming from rural areas of the country around October 2001. Malawians in the cities, including government officials in Lilongwe, the capital, were slow to believe, or act on, the persistent accounts. Even when well-known advocacy groups like the Malawi Economic Justice Network (MEJN) and the Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace presented data to back up the reports, they were dismissed as lacking credibility. But incredible as it may have seemed, Malawi - hardly a desert state, but a densely-populated country in a lush region - really was facing catastrophic food shortages in the wake of a combination of flooding and a regional drought, and after over a decade of â€Å"structural adjustment† policies designed by the IMF. The crisis in rural Malawi finally hit the headlines on February 22, 2002, when MEJN succeeded in attracting attention to its call for government and donor action. It dewmanded that â€Å"the Government should acknowledge that there is hunger in Malawi; make the holding of maize a crime, subsidize the price of maize in Malawi; government and civil society should provide food supplies to vulnerable groups.† At this point, the mainstream international media started broadcasting reports of a famine emergency, desperation and critical food shortages. An international blame game has emerged between the government of Malawi and the IMF. Malawi’s President, Bakili Muluzi, declared: â€Å"The IMF is to blameShow MoreRelatedThe Key Skills Needed By A Social Worker?2352 Words   |  10 Pagescounselling and support through a crisis that may be due to death, illness, relationship breakdown or other reasons. Guide small groups of people to share their experiences, support each other and learn social skills. Provide letters of referral or reports that will help client to obtain other services such as crisis accommodation or social security (From Job Guide 2014). What kinds of jobs are available in Australia and AfricaRead MoreDiscuss the Importance of Non Verbal Communication to Education24125 Words   |  97 Pagesadult prevalence, high impact levelFocus on REHABILITATIONNational-level examples: the United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda. | Phase 3: High HIV/AIDS adult prevalence, high impact levelFocus on IMPACT ALLEVIATIONNational-level examples: Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. | 48. Since HIV/AIDS is a long-wave disaster, measures to reduce its spread and impact are required before, during and after the peak of the epidemic. Before an HIV epidemic makes its impact felt, response

Surfacing-Margaret Atwood Free Essays

Back at her old nature satiated homestead she begins to recall from her mind the clouded thoughts of a mime that was and the memories burled deep In her soul that will eventually surface. I believe the protagonist suffers from a combination of Inferiority complex and anxiety; and stemming from the fact that she has had several failed relationships only solidifies the belief that her Internal disorders magnify and rule her life, but she eventually comes to recognize this. Throughout the story she Intentionally looks for flaws In the people around, and uses this as an excuse for not giving herself to a relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Surfacing-Margaret Atwood or any similar topic only for you Order Now She routinely correlates good evil as a manipulative tool to ensure her isolation. She has suffered rejection, abortion, and the cold and not-so-pretty realities of the world and passes the blame to her parents for not preparing her. It began after her college Professor, a married father, paid for her abortion and left her alone in an ‘abortion house’ so she could pass away the life of their unborn daughter. Snatched from her womb, she is haunted by the images. She wanted to conceive Joey’s baby in order to replace the terminated seedling that she had destroyed. She talks in artful metaphors about that day throughout the story and I didn’t fully realize the implications until after she surfaced from the bottom of the cake. As she lay there in the boat recalling the created lies and the distance she had created with her family in order to preserve her sanity I began to flip back toward the beginning correlating the vague and indirect innuendos from earlier in the story. The picturesque wedding at the post office, the daughter that never was, these were all a collage; layered memories, crafted and cleverly constructed in order to hide the ugly truth. Finally, her tattered and broken emotions are able to surface from the bottom of the lake, only to have them buried again as she receives the news of her ethers death from that liar David’, and its as if the denial seed would grow new roots again, saving her from yet another brink of despair. She decides she will take the â€Å"Random Samples† of David and Joe with her and reels them out Into the lake, and In doing so I think she is freeing Anne from her life of pain with David. The mind Is a powerful place, and his was a powerful story. My only disappointment was at the end, for not knowing whether or not she and Joe reunited. Was, she really pregnant? Did she regain her sanity? I’d Like to think so†¦ Margaret Atwood tells a story In an absolutely magical way. She has such strong construction of words, blending and layering them effortlessly to construct raw emotion In the process. I’m keeping this one! Surfacing-Margaret Atwood By Marseille their two friendly antagonist acquaintances’, Anne David, have Joined her in the the remote summer lake house, situated on a private island. Back at her old nature time that was and the memories buried deep in her soul that will eventually surface. I believe the protagonist suffers from a combination of inferiority complex and only solidifies the belief that her internal disorders magnify and rule her life, but she eventually comes to recognize this. Throughout the story she intentionally looks for flaws in the people around, and uses this as an excuse for not giving herself to a relationship. She routinely correlates good evil as a manipulative tool to ensure â€Å"Random Samples† of David and Joe with her and reels them out into the lake, and in doing so I think she is freeing Anne from her life of pain with David. The mind is a Did she regain her sanity? I’d like to think so†¦ Margaret Atwood tells a story in an layering them effortlessly to construct raw emotion in the process. I’m keeping this How to cite Surfacing-Margaret Atwood, Papers

Primary Interest of Each Stakeholder

Question: Every project has a set of stakeholderspeople who have a direct interest in the project. Stakeholders may have different interests in the project. What do you think are some of the primary interests of each stakeholder? If two people in any environment have different interests about the same object, and these interests are opposite, problems are bound to arise. Give an example of a project where two stakeholders have different interests. In your example, what are the interests that generate conflict? Suppose you are a project manager. Explain how youll handle these problems or conflicts. Which of these problems can be avoided early on? Answer: Primary Interest of Each Stakeholder The stakeholders of the organization can be the employees, working for the organization, or it can be the shareholders of the organization, and the investors could be the stakeholders of the organization at the same time. Therefore, there are different groups of people, who are the stakeholders of the organization. Different groups have different priorities and interest. The shareholders of the organization give importance to profit maximization, and they want to earn a profit from the return on investment. The employees of the organization emphasize better working condition, and only a better working condition could retain the workforce (Chevalier, 2016). The investors give importance to the environmental issues and they want to find out the response of the company on the environmental factor. After receiving the response, the investors invest money on a particular project. Interests of the Stakeholders Generating Conflict Along with an Example Stakeholder conflicts, therefore, arises because the views and interest of the stakeholders on the same matter are different. The difference creates a conflict, which could also affect the productivity of the organization. For example in the RELX Group, the organization decided that it would provide training program to its employees. The training and the development program requires both time and resources, and these time and resources could be used in other sectors of the same organization as well (Cantoria, 2016). Thus, for the shareholders it is not something that will help the organization to earn huge profit through less return on investment. The employees, on the other hand, would support the particular project because they will be benefitted from this project. Therefore, it will create a conflict within the organization, and it is possible that the organization will lose few of their shareholders or skilled and efficient employees. Managing the Conflict as a Project Manager Problems that could be avoided The problem that is being faced by the RELX Group could be avoided easily only few simple steps should be followed in order to avoid the problem: Identifying the problem in the initial stage and adopting effective measures, so that the situation does not go out of control. Therefore, before communicating with the stakeholders one should use the management skills to find out the problem that may give rise to a conflict. Clearly communicating with the stakeholders, building a positive relationship with the stakeholders and organization is only possible through clear communication. One should be able to talk through the conflicts and should accordingly try to agree on one common point (Cuppen, 2016). Sometimes the project manager may like to introduce new policies within the organization, but they may involve huge amount of investment, which could lead to conflict. For example, organization may want to invest on projects like green energy, but then that requires huge amount of investment. Therefore, to avoid such a thing, it is important to communicate with the stakeholders in a proper way. The stakeholders should know that the particular project would help in the long-term; and in the long-term the return on investment, too would more from this project. Thus, it is important to communicate in a clear and in a proper way with the stakeholders. Behaving in a professional way and maintaining calm is the best way to manage the conflict that may arise because of the difference in the opinion that is there among the stakeholders (Buthmann, 2016). If the project manager behave in an unprofessional way and shouts at the stakeholder then it will lead to insulting the stakeholders, which may cause bigger damage to the organization. The use of the neutral language could diffuse the aggression and could help in managing the conflict that is there. Problems that are Impossible to avoid The project manager could handle certain conflicts that may arise within the organization but there are few conflicts, which do not have any solution. For instance, in case of providing goods at the lowest price to the customers, one of the stakeholders of the organization, sometimes, the organization has to make some compromises (Walker, 2015). The compromises are most of the time related to the ethical practices from the part of the supplier. Moreover, to provide cheapest goods to the consumer the organization may compromise with the salary of the employees. Therefore, these problems are certain problems that could give rise to conflicts and these kinds of conflicts are most of the time not handled by the project manager. Definition of Project Charter The statement of objective in the project is known as the project charter. The project charter has the detail information about the project goals and objectives and at the same time the roles and the responsibilities of the project. The charter identifies the main stakeholders in the project and the level of authority of the project manager. The project charter provides value to the business. The project charter helps the project to have an alignment with the project strategies. References Buthmann, A. (2016).Preventing Conflicts Through Stakeholder Management.Isixsigma.com. Retrieved 28 July 2016, from Cantoria, C. (2016).Conflicts of Interest Between Different Stakeholders: Whose Interest Must Prevail?.Brighthub Project Management. Retrieved 28 July 2016, from Chevalier, J. M. (2016). Stakeholder analysis and natural resource management. Cuppen, E. (2016). 15 Stakeholder Analysis.Foresight in Organizations: Methods and Tools, 208. Harrison, J. S., Van der Laan Smith, J. (2015). Responsible accounting for stakeholders.Journal of Management Studies,52(7), 935-960. Walker, A. (2015).Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

Zara Pandora Recommendations Essay Example

Zara Pandora Recommendations Essay Zara case Zara uses a vertically integrated system (VMS): In this system, wholesalers, retailers and distributors work as a unified system. One channel owns the others. They have a corporate VMS system, because Zara has managed to build a system that is controlled from the headquarters and it allows a quick response to decide and solve problems. Inditex, Zara’s parent company owns most of the resources to design, produce and distribute. Recommendations: Instead of doing everything themselves, Zara could train their managers in the local stores to already make quick decisions than to just send many ideas to the main headquarters in Spain and let them decide what is best. So spread the decision making process among their local stores. Zara’s vertical integration has many advantages, but there is a drawback for Zara as they focus distributing small batch quantities and do not receive any discounts on manufacturing large quantities. Pandora Value Chain Analysis describes the activities that take place in a business and relates them to an analysis of the competitive strength of the business. The activities of a business could be grouped under two headings: Primary Activities those that are directly concerned with creating and delivering a product. -Inbound logistics: All the raw materials are collected from their distributors and in Pandora’s case these are the songs from musicians. Operations: is transforming the raw materials into a finished product and service. We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Pandora Recommendations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Pandora Recommendations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Pandora Recommendations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Pandora’s software gets smarter through the listener’s inputs of likes and dislikes and marks them as unique playlist for that same user. Outbound logistics: All those activities associated with getting finished goods and services to buyers. Pandora has pushed the music service into a variety of channels, including apps for smart phones and tablets as well as through home entertainment systems such as video game players, DVD players and Internet radios. Marketing Sales: Essentially an information activity informing buyers and consumers about products and services (benefits, use, price etc. Pandora informs their listeners firstly through web page, and then music has become more mobile. Pandora has formed strategic partnerships to push their music service into different channels, such as apps for smartphones and tablets, as well as through video game players, DVD players and Internet. Since listening to music goes through the radio, Pandora has also collaborated with new car brands. Service: All those activities associated with maintaining product performance after the product has been sold. The service plays musical selections of a certain genre based on the users artist selection. The user then provides positive or negative feedback for songs chosen by the service, which are taken into account when Pandora selects future songs. Recommendation: The client should have more possibilities to have an opinion on the music instead of likes and dislikes. So after each opinion they have, they get a small questionnaire. Global market The activity of buying or selling goods and services in all the countries of the world, or the value of the goods and services sold. Global marketing is sometimes used to refer to overseas expansion efforts through licensing, franchises, and joint ventures. Zara got stores all over the world. If the designers design new clothes, it will come in all the stores. Zara does most of the things by themselves, like making their own fabric, produce their own clothes and having their own designers. Recommendation Zara could create a joint venture with distributors in the markets such as Asia or the US, to produce the products for them. Support Activities, which whilst they are not directly involved in production, may increase effectiveness or efficiency. Procurement: When the raw material is purchased together with other inputs to create value to the product and support the value chain activities. In the case of Pandora the raw materials purchased are the songs from musicians. Technology development: Includes research and development, process automation, and other technology development to support the value chain activity. For Pandora they have an automated software-driven machine that discerns the types of music and places them in genres. Human Resource Management Using people as a resource to support the value chain. Young analysist analyze of the music by a professional musician to analyze and decode them in different genres. Young analysts sit together with senior analysts to encode the music and add features to differentiate its service. Firm Infrastructure Includes activities such as finance, strategic planning and control, general management, etc. Pandora is mostly focused on strategic planning ; control, because they have to critically analyze their songs they get delivered from musicians. This takes a lot of time and need be planned strategically. Strategic planning is then linked to general management. Recommendation: Pandora can hire more junior analyst which can be trained to become senior analyst so that the work is divided.

Biography of Frances Willard, Temperance Leader

Biography of Frances Willard, Temperance Leader Frances Willard (September 28, 1839–February 17, 1898) was one of the best-known and most influential women of her day and headed  the Womens Christian Temperance Union from 1879 to 1898. She was also the first dean of women at Northwestern University.  Her image  appeared on a 1940 postage stamp and she was the  first woman represented in Statuary Hall at the U.S. Capitol Building. Fast Facts: Frances Willard Known For: Womens rights and temperance leaderAlso Known As: Frances Elizabeth Caroline Willard, St. FrancesBorn: September 28, 1839 in Churchville, New YorkParents: Josiah Flint Willard, Mary Thompson Hill WillardDied: February 17, 1898 in New York CityEducation: Northwestern Female CollegePublished Works:  Woman and temperance, or the work and workers of the Womans Christian Temperance Union, Glimpses of fifty years: The autobiography of an American woman, Do everything: A handbook for the worlds white ribboners, How to Win: A Book for Girls, Woman in the Pulpit, A Wheel within a Wheel: How I Learned to Ride the BicycleAwards and Honors:  Namesake for many schools and organizations; named to the National Womens Hall of FameNotable Quote: If women can organize missionary societies, temperance societies, and every kind of charitable organization...why not permit them to be ordained to preach the Gospel and administer the sacraments of the Church? Early Life Frances Willard was born on September 28, 1839, in Churchville, New York, a farming community. When she was 3, the family moved to Oberlin, Ohio, so that her father could study for the ministry at Oberlin College. In 1846 the family moved again, this time to Janesville, Wisconsin, for her fathers health. Wisconsin became a state in 1848, and Josiah Flint Willard, Frances father, was a member of the legislature. There, while Frances lived on a family farm in the West, her brother was her playmate and companion. Frances Willard dressed as a boy and was known to friends as Frank. She preferred to avoid womens work such as housework, preferring more active play. Frances Willards mother had also been educated at Oberlin College, in a time when few women studied at the college level. Frances mother educated her children at home until the town of Janesville established its own schoolhouse in 1883. Frances, in her turn, enrolled in the Milwaukee Seminary, a respected school for women teachers. Her father wanted her to transfer to a Methodist school, so Frances and her sister Mary went to Evanston College for Ladies in Illinois. Her brother studied at Garrett Biblical Institute in Evanston, preparing for the Methodist ministry. Her entire family moved at that time to Evanston.  Frances graduated in 1859 as valedictorian.   Romance? In 1861, Frances got engaged to Charles H. Fowler, then a divinity student, but she broke off the engagement the next year despite pressure from her parents and brother.  She wrote later in her autobiography, referring to her own journal notes at the time of the breaking of the engagement, In 1861 to 62, for three-quarters of a year I wore a ring and acknowledged an allegiance based on the supposition that an intellectual comradeship was sure to deepen into a unity of heart. How grieved I was over the discovery of my mistake the journals of that epoch could reveal.  She was, she said in her journal at the time, afraid of her future if she did not marry, and she was unsure shed find another man to marry. Her autobiography reveals that there was a real romance of my life, saying that she would be glad to have it known only after her death, for I believe it might contribute to a better understanding between good men and women.  It may be that her romantic interest was in a teacher who she describes in her journals; if so, the relationship may have been broken up by the jealousy of a female friend. Teaching Career Frances Willard taught at a variety of institutions for almost 10 years, while her diary records her thinking about womens rights and what role she could play in the world in making a difference for women. Frances Willard went on a world tour with her friend Kate Jackson in 1868 and returned to Evanston to become head of Northwestern Female College, her alma mater under its new name. After that school merged into Northwestern University as the Womans College of that university, Frances Willard was appointed Dean of Women of the Womans College in 1871 and a professor of Aesthetics in the Universitys Liberal Arts college. In 1873, she attended the National Womens Congress and made connections with many womens rights activists on the East Coast. Womens Christian Temperance Union By 1874, Willards ideas had clashed with those of the university president, Charles H. Fowler, the same man to whom she had been engaged in 1861. The conflicts escalated, and in March 1874, Frances Willard chose to leave the university.  She had become involved in temperance work and accepted the job of president of the Chicago Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). She became the corresponding secretary of the Illinois WCTU in October of that year. The following month while attending the national WCTU convention as a Chicago delegate, she became the corresponding secretary of the national WCTU, a position that required frequent travel and speaking. From 1876, she also headed up the WCTU publications committee. Willard was also associated briefly with evangelist Dwight Moody, although she was disappointed when she realized he only wanted her to speak to women. In 1877, she resigned as president of the Chicago organization. Willard had come into some conflict with national WCTU president Annie Wittenmyer over Willards push to get the organization to endorse woman suffrage as well as temperance, and so Willard also resigned from her positions with the national WCTU. Willard began lecturing for woman suffrage. In 1878, Willard won the presidency of the Illinois WCTU, and the next year, she became president of the national WCTU, following Annie Wittenmyer. Willard remained president of the national WCTU until her death. In 1883, Frances Willard was one of the founders of the Worlds WCTU. She supported herself with lecturing until 1886, when the WCTU granted her a salary. Frances Willard also participated in the founding of the National Council of Women in 1888 and served one year as its first president. Organizing Women As head of the first national organization in America for women, Frances Willard endorsed the idea that the organization should do everything. That meant to work not only for temperance, but also for womens suffrage, social purity (protecting young girls and other women sexually by raising the age of consent, establishing rape laws, holding male customers equally responsible for prostitution violations, etc.), and other social reforms. In fighting for temperance, she depicted the liquor industry as ridden with crime and corruption. She described men who drank alcohol as victims for succumbing to the temptations of liquor. Women, who had few legal rights to divorce, child custody, and financial stability, were described as the ultimate victims of liquor. But Willard did not see women primarily as victims. While coming from a separate spheres vision of society and valuing womens contributions as homemakers and child educators as equal to mens in the public sphere, she also promoted womens right to choose to participate in the public sphere. She endorsed womens right to become ministers and preachers as well. Frances Willard remained a staunch Christian, rooting her reform ideas in her faith. She disagreed with the criticism of religion and the Bible by other suffragists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, though Willard continued to work with such critics on other issues. Racism Controversy In the 1890s, Willard tried to gain support in the white community for temperance by raising fears that alcohol and black mobs were a threat to white womanhood.  Ida B. Wells, the great anti-lynching advocate, had shown by documentation that most lynchings were defended by such myths of attacks on white women, while the motivations were usually instead economic competition. Lynch denounced Willards comments as racist and debated her on a trip to England in 1894. Significant Friendships Lady Somerset of England was a close friend of Frances Willard, and Willard spent time at her home resting from her work. Anna Gordon was Willards private secretary and her living and traveling companion for her last 22 years. Gordon succeeded to the presidency of the Worlds WCTU when Frances died. She mentions a secret love in her diaries, but it was never revealed who the person was. Death While preparing to leave for New England in New York City, Willard contracted influenza and died on February 17, 1898. (Some sources point to pernicious anemia, the source of several years of ill health.) Her death was met with national mourning: flags in New York, Washington, D.C., and Chicago were flown at half-staff, and thousands attended services where the train with her remains stopped on its way back to Chicago and her burial in Rosehill Cemetery. Legacy A rumor for many years was that Frances Willards letters had been destroyed by her companion Anna Gordon at or before Willards death.  But her diaries, though lost for many years, were rediscovered in the 1980s in a cupboard at the Frances E. Willard Memorial Library at the Evanston headquarters of the NWCTU.  Also found there were letters and many scrapbooks that had not been known until then.  Her journals and diaries number 40 volumes, which has provided a wealth of primary resource material for biographers.  The journals cover her younger years (age 16 to 31) and two of her later years (ages 54 and 57). Sources â€Å"Biography.†Ã‚  Frances Willard House Museum Archives.The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"Frances Willard.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 14 Feb. 2019.

German culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

German culture - Essay Example They make fewer friends and take time to get closer to them and once they make friendship they develop strong association. On the other hand, Americans tend to have more friends to increase their network and their friendship is often looser as compared to German friendship. 3. Germans work very hard during their working hours and try to relax and play after work. They leave promptly after working hours and taken longer annual vacations rather than taking vacations during working days. On the other hand, Americans tend to relax and socialize during the working hours and they prefer working in a relaxed environment. Actually, Germans have a monochronic culture and they prefer doing one thing at a time and they do not like interruptions and value orderliness in their tasks. On the other hand, Americans tend to be polychronic and they work on multiple things at the same time (Analytictech). 5. The German people wear engagement ring on the third finger of left hand and wedding ring is worn in the third finger of the right hand. Americans also follow the same tradition and wear engagement ring on the third finger of the left hand, however, during wedding ceremony, the engagement ring is removed and wedding band is placed on bride’s finger and after wedding the wedding ring is worn on the third finger of left hand

Starbucks have remained quite stable in carrying out its strategies Essay

Starbucks have remained quite stable in carrying out its strategies that have boosted its expansion across the globe - Essay Example In 1992, Starbucks experienced a tremendous amount of growth, which led to reaching up around 100 stores across United States. This was their major stimulus towards going to public and become a publically traded company. With the exceptional amount of growth in its business, Starbuck managed to satisfy on an average 35 million customer per week, which indicates the quality, taste and aroma of the coffee offered by Starbucks to its customers (Stanley, 2002). The mission statement of Starbucks provides a comprehensive insight to the overall purpose of the organization. Unlike the typical mission statements, Starbucks has strived to incorporate all those purposes which are extremely vital for existence of the business such as achievement of profitability, responsibility towards community and environment, product diversity and lastly but most importantly, fair and equitable treatment with its workforce (Hammers, 2003). Organizational Design Organizational design is influenced by the stra tegies that the top management of any organization designs for it as part of its future areas of operations. Other factors, which contribute in shaping up the good â€Å"fit† for organizational design, are nature of organization, its size life cycle, environment, culture, and technology (Daft, Murphy, & Willmot, 2007). There might be other factors as well but they vary organization to organization. Starbucks has implemented such a design structure in its organization, which helps facilitate the faster communication among employees and from customers to top management. The structure of the organization is developed in such a manner that it fosters meaningful and timely communication across the organization (Hitt, 2008). The top management of Starbucks controls the centralized decision making system of the organization from its headquarter located in Seattle. The other districts where the stores of Starbucks serve its customer are run under the district managers who are directl y reportable to the top managers at the Starbucks headquarters. Under district managers, store managers keep the track of all the store activities. Apart from store managers, there are duty supervisors who take the charge in the absence of the store managers. Baristas are the coffee servers who report to duty supervisors and store managers (Hitt, 2008). In this way, the complete organizational structure of Starbucks stands and facilitates the appropriate communication and decision-making among the employees from top management to the lower-tier employees. This organizational structure of Starbucks allows the employees to work with coordination and collaboration rather than competition. Employees are assigned their specific roles but they are questioned for their tasks to which they are accountable. Adaptive culture is promoted at Starbucks however; the information sharing among employees follows a formal hierarchical chain, which is the bottom-line towards developing a centralized o rganizational structure. Organizational Effectiveness The effectiveness of any organization is mainly shaped as to how its major goals are being accomplished. However, there is no stringent tool to measure the organizational effectiveness. The broad way of measuring the organizational

Discrimination Against Obese People Health And Social Care Essay

Discrimination Against Obese People Health And Social Care Essay Obesity discrimination has a great impact on health care. The healthcare may be more critical of obese individuals. Some primary care physicians may be less attentive to treating obesity than other ailments as well. Overweight individuals seem to pick up on the negative feelings: studies show obese individuals tend to delay going to the doctor even for routine visits. There is no exception for radiographer the impact of obesity. To improve the image quality a certain amount of radiation is needed to go through the body in obese patient. And that is higher than normal doses of radiation in order to obtain X-ray images. Also obesity has impact on the surgical options for obese patients, the anatomy and imaging of gastric bypass surgery, and how to recognize and treat surgical complications of bariatric surgery. Obese patients need to purchase larger wheelchairs, larger beds and even larger diagnostic imaging machines. 1b.Reading the background of Obesity, and how people are becoming Obese, will help me to gain a close understand of how obese people feeling about themselves and how discrimination effects obese people. It will help me to see the obese people as an illness not blame them because of their weight. As a Radiography student I should deal with all patients equally. If those issues above has impact on health care provider, it is also has psychological impact on obese patient. 2a. In this annotated bibliography I would like to convey to the reader, that obesity always is not individual fault, there may be other factor such as medical condition and disease which make people obese. By discrimination obese people we may put their self-esteem and social interaction down. I would also like to convey to the reader how I have researched my chosen topic, how I changed my search each time to get the appropriate articles required. 2b.The title for my Annotated Bibliography would be `Stigma and discrimination against obese people`. 3a. The first search I carried out was a Google search. I carried out a different search using Google Scholar online to find journal articles for critiquing. I used Birmingham City University web site. From the main library website, I clicked on electronic resources A to Z. CINAHL plus with Full Text and MEDLINE was my databases to find a peer reviewed articles. 3b. First I was looking to a Google search to have a background reading of my topic. So I put obesity in search box and I had About 39,500,000 results. Then I modified my search by adding obesity and discrimination, I got about 4,570,000 results and from there I had my relevant titles. Again I modified my search again by entering additional search terms `in Radiology`, which I got About 1,650,000 results and I had two of my supporting sources from there. Then I searched in Google Scholar I Put obesity and Discrimination from 2000 to 2011and from there I find two articles of my key sources. I carried out a different search using Google Scholar online to find journal articles for critiquing. Then I went to Birmingham city university website and I clicked on electronic resources A to Z.I start with Cinhal plus with full text. I logged in and in search box put obesity as a key word, then I ticked the full text and peer review to find my articles. These are good sources because they are peer reviewed articles. Then I clicked search, I had 4515 results. In first result I found one of my supporting sources. Again I modified my search by adding discrimination on search box. And I got 2483 results. I linked them with and, so I got 38 results. From there I got three key sources which I will critique them and it is relevant to my topic. To find more articles I changed my databases to Medline and I did same steps for my articles. When I liked ob esity and discrimination with and, I had 279 results. Again I had two key sources and one supporting sources for my assignment. I chose which articles were most useful by looking at the date they were published and whether the information contained is still relevant to todays situation. I also tried to find sources from a variety of locations but found some unhelpful. And I ended my search. 4a. Two articles critiquing: Development and Psychometric Testing of the Nurses Attitudes Towards Obesity and Obese Patients (NATOOPS) Scale Lorraine Watson, Kathleen Oberle, Danielle Deutscher Research in Nursing and Health, 2008, 31, 586 593 Being fat in todays world: a qualitative study of the lived experiences of people with obesity in Australia. Samantha L. Thomas PhD, Jim Hyde PhD, Asuntha Karunaratne BMedSci (Hons), Dilinie Herbert MBioMedSci (Part 1) and Paul A. Komesaroff MB BS FRACP PhD 2008 The Authors, Journal Compilation, 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Health Expectations, 11, pp. 321 330 Introduction The above two articles are of two studies to look into the obesity stigmatisation in two different aspects. In the first article, the attitudes of the health care professionals, and on this occasion nurses, towards obese individuals have been studied using psychometric analysis. The second article is about a study designed to look into how obese individuals feel in themselves about public perception and discrimination based upon their body weight, which is more like looking into the original side of the argument and that is to find out when, how and why such stigmatisation has developed. Critique There is no doubt that obesity stigma does exist just like other forms of discrimination in the society based upon race, ethnic origin and having an underlying illness such as HIV. The authors of the first article have started well by talking about the basic principles and reviewing a lot of literatures about similar previous studies with regards to health care professionals attitudes towards their obese patients. The method was good with a considerable number of professional nurses participated in it and, in my opinion, the NATOOPS did cover the psychological aspects of nurse-patient relationship. The results were identical to most of the previous studies and the study simply confirmed the previous ideology that negative attitudes towards obese individuals even among health care professionals do exist. However, when there is a problem there must be a solution, and whilst the authors have nicely highlighted and confirmed this problem amongst nurses, they have failed to provide answers and means to change such attitudes. They have given a lot of details in identifying the problem, but have only briefly towards the end suggested how to tackle the issue and how to educate our nurses not to stigmatise based upon body weight. In my opinion, they should have made more suggestions to rectify problematic attitudes and behaviours. The second article is covering the other side of the argument; in other words, peoples real life experience to make a case that obesity stigmatisation does exist. It is a good qualitative study with a clever way to attract random obese individuals to participate through newspaper advertisement. The method, data collection and the data analysis was pretty good. The number of participants was satisfactory, though could have been higher. The quotes from the individuals were prime examples of how this section of society is victimised in different aspects of life including employment, education, health care and general public services such as transport. They describe a clear blame culture by professionals, policy makers and media. It is worth mentioning the fact that the opt-in nature of this study makes it biased towards the participants. Those chose to take part and to be interviewed for the study were generally the ones with bad experience. Personally, I feel that random selection would have been much better to reflect the true nature of how obese people in the community feel about themselves and how society treats them. Conclusion To sum it up, there is no question that society treats obese individuals unfairly and there are quite a few studies to confirm this fact. Health care professionals such as nurses are no exception, but we need to find ways to educate them and to change this mentality in order to improve the quality of health care given to everyone without discrimination. The qualitative study of the obese peoples real life experience is a good one but there is a self-selection bias within the sample as admitted by the authors themselves. More random and bigger studies are needed in this field I believe. 5a.and 5b Key Sources: Brownell, K. D .and, Puhl,R.(2003), Stigma and Discrimination in Weight Management and Obesity, The Permanente Journal, Vol 7, No. 3, online Available from: http://xnet.kp.org/permanentejournal/sum03/stigma.pdf,[Accessed 17/03/2011] It covers the three common areas of weight-based discrimination which are education, health care and employment. Puhl, R. and Brownell, K. D. (2001), Bias, Discrimination and Obesity, Obesity Research, Vol 9, No. 12, online Available from: http://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v9/n12/full/oby2001108a.html?referer=www.clickfind.com.au,[Accessed 26/02/2011] Puhl, R. M and Chelsea Heuer, A. (2010), Obesity Stigma: Important considerations for public health, American Journal of Public Health, Vol 100, No. 6, June 2010 online Available from:http://www.yaleruddcenter.org/resources/upload/docs/what/bias/ObesityStigmaPublicHealth_AJPH_6.10.pdf, [Accessed 16/02/2011] This article gives particular attention to the health issues surrounding obese individuals and they compared their public discrimination to similar socially disregarded group such as HIV patients as in this article. Thomas, S. L. Hyde, J. Karunaratne, A. Herbert, D. and Komesaroff, P. A. (2008), Being fat in todays world: a qualitative study of the lived experiences of people with obesity in Australia, Journal Compilation, 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Health Expectations, 11, pp. 321 330 online available from:http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=11hid=105sid=da2c22ec-6030-42bb-b61d-59f07cc7ed8d%40sessionmgr114,[Accessed 22/03/2011] Watson, L. Oberle, K. and Deutscher, D.(2008), Development and Psychometric Testing of the Nurses Attitudes Towards Obesity and Obese Patients (NATOOPS) Scale, Research in Nursing and Health, 2008, 31, 586 593 ,online Available from:http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=11hid=105sid=da2c22ec-6030-42bb-b61d-59f07cc7ed8d%40sessionmgr114[Accessed 25/03/2011] Supporting Sources: Hunte, H.E, and Williams, D.R.(2009),American Journal of Public Health, The Association Between Perceived Discrimination and Obesity in a Population-Based Multiracial and Multiethnic Adult Sample, Vol 99, No. 7,online Available from: http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=11hid=105sid=da2c22ec-6030-42bb-b61d-59f07cc7ed8d%40sessionmgr114, [Accessed 26/03/2011] This is more like a research study, and it mainly focuses on the psychological stress caused by discrimination based upon race, ethnic origin and other factors leading to obesity, rather than the other way round. Reynolds A, (2011), Obesity and Medical Imaging Challenges, Radiologic Technology, Vol.82 (3): 219-42, online Available at http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=10hid=105sid=da2c22ec-6030-42bb-b61d-59f07cc7ed8d%40sessionmgr114,[accessed 30/03/2011] Yanch, J. C. , Behrman, R.H. , Hendricks, M.J. , McCall J. H. ,(2009), Increased Radiation Dose to Overweight and Obese Patients from Radiographic Examinations, online Available from: http://radiology.rsna.org/content/252/1/128.full,[Accessed 24/02/2011] This article explains and compares radiation dose to obese patient in compare with normal patient.

Male Infertility A Summary Health And Social Care Essay

Approximately 15 of twosomes dont win in bring forthing a gestation despite regular attempts, over the class of a twelvemonth, of unprotected sexual activity.1 A male physiological status issue is known in some 50 per centum of those instances and is entirely accountable in 20 per centum of all couples.2 Male sterility physiological conditions are attributed to a figure of causes together with minor factors including sex gland toxin secernment disfunction, bodily upsets, varicoceles, male generative secretory organ failure, ejaculatory upsets, and physiological conditions.3 It is critical to descry the cause ( s ) and supply intervention ( s ) if the implicit in issue is correctable. If a selected intervention is non available ; the beginning of the male issue physiological status is n't correctable, alternate picks like assisted reproduction techniques ( ART ) could exist.4 The pharmaceutical chemist plays a important function in separating medicines that contribute to male physiolo gical status, reding the twosome on curative medicines or compounds efficacious to handle physiological status, and advancing healthy life styles that minimize physiological status factors. The purpose of this paper is to bring forth a wide sum-up of the etiology, appraisal, and intervention of male physiological status.Definitions and EpidemiologyThe definition of sterility is considered by and large as the inability to recognize construct despite one twelvemonth of normal, unprotected intercourse.5 Within the USA, approximately eight million twosomes are distressed by this physiological status. For healthy immature twosomes, the likeliness of accomplishing gestation at intervals of one twelvemonth of fertility-focused activity is 84 per centum. Despite progresss within the designation and intervention of this physiological status, the successful gestation per centum remains constant.6 The latest rush in petitions for physiological status defect services has been attributed to a bi gger consciousness of intervention picks ; an improved rate of openness and credence of the physiological status, and a tendency toward delayed sexual activity and older aged parents both of which are ensuing in extra birthrate jobs.Male Regenerative PhysiologyThe testiss are comprised of Leydig, Sertoli, and specific root cells, that are apt for the syntheses of androgenic endocrines. The Sertoli cells line the seminal tubules within the testicles along side function of the Sertoli cells is to bring forth sex cell support, novice and sustain gametogenesis, and supply ordinance for the assembly of androgenic endocrine necessary for gametogenesis.7,8 The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal ( HPG ) axis is the primary generative system that regulates endocrinal and sexual perform. The nervous construction is that in the integrative centre for the productive secernment axis, where it secretes gonadotropin-releasing secernment ( GnRH ) , that releases LH ( LH ) and gonadotrophin ( FSH ) from the ductless secretory organ. When the pituitary, ICSH interacts with receptors on the Leydig ‘s cell membrane within the testicles to synthesise and release androgenic follicle- exciting endocrine binds to the Sertoli cellular tissue receptors to get down and continue gametogenesis. Synthesis and gonadotrophins are regulated by system signals from the cardinal systema nervosum.7,8 Human reproduction needs fertilisation consisting the debut of sperm-containing fluids introduced through the female ‘s vagina. Throughout this event, erectile organ hard-on and interjection are parasympathetic activities and the systema nervosum controls erectile public presentation and semen. The sperm tubules, are a tubular web wound inside the testicles and carry organic structure unstable incorporating mature sperm cell to the urethra via the ejaculatory canals and into the vagina. Periurethral musculus contractions expel the organic structure fluid out of the channel and into the productive tract.7,8EtiologyAzoospermia is outlined because the absence of sperm cell within status within the azoospermic male is sub classified as pre-testicular, testicular, or post-testicular. Pre-testicular: common etiology than alternate causes of male physiological status, hypogonadotropic incompetency ( HH ) is caused by meager follicle-stimulating endocrine and ICSH secretions.2 These inadequacies end in deficient steroid secernment and gametogenesis. HH will originate non-inheritable GnRH lack, Fe overload, familial upsets, pituitary and nervous construction tumours, secernment to boot, general upsets like chronic illnesss, biological procedure lacks, and fleshiness are known as causes of HH.9 Lack: male generative secretory organ lack, typically stated as non-obstructive azoospermia, is apart from obstructor or HPG disfunction. This category of disfunction are frequently extra divided into male generative secretory organ failure. Non-inheritable failure will attest as abnormalcy, male generative secretory organ asepsis, abnormalcies. Non-heritable male generative secretory organ failure are frequently the consequences of injury, male generative secretory organ tortuosity, factors ( e.g. , medicines, general diseases, varicoceles ) , or surgeries that injury the bodily construction of the testes.3 Sing analysis of the overall male population about 40 per centum of work forces showing with male physiological status have varicoceles.10 Post-testicular Lack: typically stated as auto-preventative azoospermia, post-testicular lack is as a consequence of either ejaculatory obstructor of gamete bringing. This type of male physiological status is a is much less common than non-obstructive azoospermia, happens in about 40 per centum of work forces showing with azoospermia.2 The obstructor will go up from either the vessel deferens, epididymis or blurt out canals and may be familial or acquired.3 Idiopathic Sterility: In 30 to forty per centum of all work forces in the US, the underlying male sterility physiological conditions at issue are frequently unknown.3 These work forces normally have n't any old history of inauspicious result of physical scrutiny or traditional endocrinal research lab analysis. Ejaculate analysis reveals a attenuated assortment of sperm cell, motility, and tonss of unnatural sorts of gamete. These findings normally occur along and are termed oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia syndrome. disquieted male physiological status are frequently attributed to endocrine break as a consequence of environmental pollution, free O groups, or familial abnormalities.3 Medicines and Everyday Factors: Numerous substances are concerned as set uping the cause and impact of medical specialties is troublesome as a consequence of extra unknown factors and minimum sample sizes. Medicine could hold an consequence on male physiological status via uninterrupted sex gland onset toxicity effects, fluctuation of the HPG alliance, loss of interjection, public presentation or both, and alterations in sensed or existent sex drive.11 Recreational and illicit medicine, individually of together with intoxicant, baccy, marihuana, cocaine, and pep pills are on a regular basis cited as causes of both powerlessness and sterility. There are a assortment of medical specialties known as causes of this male physiological status together with psychotherapeutics pharmacologicals such as anti-hypertensives, endocrines, psychotropics, antidepressants, and antibiotics.11,12 Androgenic endocrine replacing is a good knowna common medical etiology of male generative wellness and has a known inauspicious impact on gametogenesis. Man-made vaginal oils or other sexual lubricators are known to suppress gamete motility and lead to either impermanent or lasting sterility. Natural-based lubricators, oil, and vegetable oil deficiency these effects on gamete and should be advocated as alternatives.13 A pharmaceutical chemist will advise the medicine sum-up of patients showing with male sterility male sterility physiological conditions to descry possible drug medical attention causes and graduated table back the necessity for them for farther or extra analysis.EvaluationThe American Urological Association ( AUA ) recommends both spouses of an ab initio sterile twosome receive showing if gestation has non occurred at intervals one twelvemonth of normal, unprotected intercourse. Earlier analysis is lower cost if a known physiological status issue exists or a male has intuitions about his birthrate probabilities.2 A old history of birthrate does non t exclude the likelines s of secondary physiological status. Work force with secondary physiological status are assessed in the same mode as work forces whom have n't initiated gestation. The feminine spouse ought to to boot bear analysis throughout as adult female ‘s generative anatomy is both more complex and capable to greater monthly cyclic fluctuations so males. The basic parts for the analysis of male physiological status embody an in deepness reappraisal of patient history, physical scrutiny, a lower limit of two seeds analyses, and secernment ratings his HPG axis. The patient ‘s past record of issues ( or environmental exposure as a beginning vector ) could find hazard factors and/or behavior forms that have an consequence on birthrate potency. Throughout the physical probe, elaborate attending is given to male secondary gender features. The prostate, scrotal constructions, and testicular constellations are appraised for markers of current or past infections, obstructors, or expansion. The usage of transrectal or external ultrasound, post-ejaculatory chemical analysis, and familial testing, that are obtained on as indicated. Semen analysis is ever warranted as the basic research lab appraisal for the analysis of faulty male physiological conditions.14 It ( laboratory analyses ) are by and large unequivocal sing seeds quality and volume, gamete concentration, motility, and morphology – with low borders of mistake. These consequences are besides compared with mention scopes and used to determine work forces with unnatural seeds parametric quantities whom could have the benefits of ART like in-vitro fertilisation ( IVF ) or intrauterine insemination ( IUI ) . Both of these options may include intracytoplasmic gamete injection ( ICSI ) . Work force with tunremarkable seeds analyses rarely are the beginning of infertility.1TreatmentSome sterile work forces can accomplish medically or surgically successful construct that is come-at-able with early intercession techniques. Treatment relies on the underlying etiology ab initio, so there needs a well-identified beginning ( s ) of the basic sterility issue for right intervention. If a treatable or correctable physiological status issue is known, it ought to be corrected with these acceptable medical or surgical therapies. Work force with incorrigible, untreatable, or unknown etiologies could hold success in ART. ART processs have been employed in the U.S. since the early 1980 ‘s and have radically enhanced birthrate rates. IVF / ICSI is an enhanced signifier of ART desinged to get the better of the most terrible sterile physiological status or azoospermia by shooting one gamete into the living substance of a mature egg. IVF-ICSI could be a intervention possibility for males with azoospermia, giving birth rates matching to those achieved with IVF while non those that are combined with ICSI.15 Azoospermic male generative secretory organ gamete extraction is used to surgically recover gamete which will be useable for IVF-ICSI ; the twosome should be carefully advised on the success rates of gamete harvest home, but it is likewise successful as IVF-ICSI. The hazards related to IVF-ICSI embody sex secretory organ hyper-stimulation syndrome, enlacing or more, perinatal complications, and familial disorders.16 Some twosomes opportunity ART ( an exceptionally expensive process ) while sing pre-analysis by an infertilitycondition specializer ; this is frequently unsafe because some six per centum of work forces evaluated have a important implicit in medical condition.5,17 Pretesticular Lack: Hyperprolactinemia is a serious upset refering the HPA ( hypothalamic-pituitary axis ) and is often mentioned as a sensible cause for HH. Fertility is besides improved by normalising lactogenic endocrine concentrations. Many medicines including Dopastat adversaries, SSRI ‘s ( selective 5-hydroxytryptamine re-uptake inhibitors ) , tricyclic anti-depressants, and elevated estrogen interventions may do hyper-prolactinemia and should be ended if possible in this circumstance.18 Dopamine agonists such as cabergoline or bromocriptine are the optimum interventions selected for most patients with hyperprolactinemia.18 Gonadotropins can be used in the intervention of HH with root causes of hypothalamic or pituitary syndromes non connected with hyper-prolactinemia. Human chorionic gonadotrophin ( human chorionic gonadotropin ) has organic actions similar to LH but has a increased half life. Chiefly initiated by itself at 1,500 to 2,000 IU – three times a hebdomad via intramuscular or hypodermic in the thigh or natess for 18 to 24 hebdomads. Then it is titrated at two-week meantimes to derive serum T factor concentrations between 310 and 520 ng/dL. Seminal fluid semen is appraised for spermatogenesis every two to four hebdomads. If sperm concentrations remain deficient after six to twelve months of therapy, the therapy should be supplemented with a FSH readying. Men sing human chorionic gonadotropin must be advised on the possible side effects such as gynecomastia ( hypertrophied chests ) , migraine concerns, and mastalgia ( breast hurting ) .19 FSH is compounded as or recombinant human FSH ( r-hFSH ) or human menopausal gonadotrophin ( hMG ) . Formulations of hMG contain refined, concentrated extracted parts of LH and FSH, while r-hFSH is comprised of merely FSH. hMG is the best pick overall because of comparable efficaciousness and markedly reduced monetary values when matched with r-hFSH. The first dose of hMG is 80 IU delivered at two twenty-four hours intervals and titrated to 160 IU. Though hMG is normally good accepted, concern, mastalgia, and injection site responses are normally described.20 GnRH therapy is an off-label usage for the intervention of HH caused by hypothalamic complaints. When nominal testosterone degrees are realized, the dosage is stabilized ; and testicular capacity and seminal fluid analyses are made every month. Problems such as haematoma, phlebitis and infection occur in about seven per centum of patients.21 Males utilizing GnRH therapy must be instructed by their physician to reexamine the needle interpolation site day-to-day and unwrap to the primary physician any tenderness, swelling or unstable leaking. Testicular Lack: Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism is a consequence of dysfunctional testesIt is defined by elevated gonadotrophins, lowered testosterone, oligospermia, or azoospermia. It is normally referred to as primary testicular failure. males with this status rarely win in paternity via intercourse due to seminiferous tubule impairment.22 Gonadotropin therapy ineffective under this circumstance, so IVF-ICSI is typically required for a positive result of fertilisation. The intervention of varicoceles remains extremely controversial. There is no consensus about the value of intercessions. One gold criterion clinical test suggested that a varicocelectomy in work forces with touchable varicoceles improved seeds factors and increased the opportunities of a self-generated gestation within one twelvemonth compared with surveillance.23 The AUA recommends varicoceles fix be made available as a possible redress to any twosome seeking to accomplish gestation if: the varicoceles is touchable, the twosome has a documented history of unproductiveness ; the female is fecund ; and the adult male has at least one untypical seminal fluid or sperm factors. IVF whether used with ICSI or non, can be considered when there is the basic ground to see handling a female sterility cause, notwithstanding the manifestation of varicoceles and suboptimal seeds values.10 Post-testicular Lack: Treatment picks for sterility due to clogging azoospermia take history of both IVF-ICSI and microsurgical techniques such as vasectomy reversals.24 Ejaculatory disfunction, specifically the inability to chuck out any seminal fluid, is treatable with alpha-adrenergic agonists that aid ejaculation.25 This attack can transform males with unsuccessful emanation to backward interjection and so seminal fluid is retrieved for reproduction intents. Idiopathic Sterility: The medical community is divided on the proper direction of idiopathic sterility. Any figure of medical therapies remain endeavores to better gestation rates irrespective of cogent evidence of efficaciousness. An AUA scrutiny of birthrate specializers cite clomiphene citrate ; human chorionic gonadotropin ; and anastrazole as typically prescribed medicines for idiopathic male infertility.26 Drumhead Infertility affects the U.S. , with several necessitating medical intercession to recognize gestation. It ‘s indispensable that each spouse be wholly evaluated for beginnings of the issue ( s ) in order to measure and enhance interventions ; and to minimise morbidity due to come-at-able implicit in medical conditions. The pharmaceutical chemists function in wellness attention, along with the primary sterility specializer, affords the opportunity to descry medicines with potentially inauspicious effects on birthrate ; suggest different medicine, and advocate patients on the right usage of medical specialties. Recent progresss in the etiology of sterility and the function of combinative therapies in ART have improved results for sterile twosomes. However extra analysis is required to determine the full scope of unknown causes of male physiological status and to develop simpler, more effectual and less dearly-won interventions.

Guidelines Essay

This article was created by: Jocelyn Howard and Jae Major with the purpose of helping teachers, who decided to produce their own teaching materials; they need to observe some advantages and disadvantages, important factors and guidelines. These aspects help them to provide a coherent design for teaching materials. First, different advantages and disadvantages are examined why teacher might choose to design their own materials. These are some advantages: contextualization: it is generic; it means they do not able to take in consideration the learning environment. The coursebook do not aim any specific group of learners, particular culture or educational context. Everybody is able to use that coursebook. There are a lack commercial materials and cost force the teacher-produce their own material as best option for both students and school. Another advantages is individuals needs, it refers to different aspects or needs of learners that must be taken in consideration by teacher-producer at the moment to create material. They are first language skills, multi-cultural groups, experiences, level of English and why they are learning? Also, to increase motivation and knowledge, engagement in learning, freedom are some aspects to take in consideration in personalization, another advantage. In contrast, the disadvantages for teachers who decided to produce materials are organized in three aspects such as: organization, quality and time. Organization: refers to coherence and clear progression, physical organization and storage material and clear direction. If there are not some order in principles and clearly well-organized system will be difficult to locate them for future material’s use. Second, factors to consider when designing materials: learners: teachers find out information about learners’ needs. After that you are able to create the material. In addition, the students learning needs: skill, preferences learning style, literacy level, interests and purpose of learning English as a second language. Also, curriculum and content: it must include the goals and objectives to keep close for going back and check it. Another important factor is the resources and facilities: teachers must be realistic; they need to adapt their materials to the environment where they work. After this, personal confidence and competence: it refers to the skills, knowledge and attitudes, copyright compliance: you must have to give credits when use resources of internet, and time: organized the place that you use for working are another main factors. Third, guidelines for designing effective English teaching materials: in general they provide a coherent design in materials which emphasize the learning skills and knowledge. ELT materials should be contextualized (guideline1): the curriculum is to give address, specific individual’s needs and the topic is meaningful. And then, in a real communication process, professor must be sure the materials they develop have a clear purpose (guideline 2). Guideline 3: teachers should teach how to learn, help to take advantages and opportunities for self-evaluation. So, metalanguage (out of the class) is an example of these opportunities. Besides, guideline 4: materials make the student focus on form. Guideline 5: produce materials and incorporate more than one skill. Guideline 6: it is not only written material, it’s also visual and spoken. Guideline 7: the materials must be connected between what you did and what will you do. Guideline 8: physical appearance of materials must be attractive to the learners. Guideline 9: the instructions must be clear and easy to follow by learners. Guideline 10: the materials must be adapted to the activities and the learners. In summary, when teachers make the decision of creating their own materials they should be taken in account the different advantages and disadvantages presenting in this text. Also, they need to consider the factors and guidelines which provide them the most important point for developing their own teaching materials.

The Nature Of Dreams In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men

Since the beginning of the 17th century people migrated to the United States seeking for a new life. That life was a dream that would grant success, freedom, and happiness. Immigrants came to America for themselves or for their families. Many came to escape persecution or poverty in their homeland. In essence, this is similar to the theme The Nature Of dreams in John Steinbecks dramatic novella Of Mice And Men and is proposed throughout in many ways to signify that dreams aren’t always going to happen. Throughout Steinbecks novella, the theme The Nature Of Dreams is presented by George and Lennie’s dream of owning their own land, Crooks, and his dream of equality, and Curley’s wife, with her dream of being a movie star. Those characters†¦show more content†¦In theory this gives you specific detail about the characters and their dreams even if we aren’t given particular details about them, like Curley’s wife. She would be a great example of this because she is only known as Curley’s wife and that’s it. Although we may not know her name, we are given some details of a dream she had that never came true. In chapter five we are given a short backstory of her dream when she’s having a conversation with Lennie. As Curley’s wife goes on to tell Lennie, â€Å"Nother time I met a guy, an’ he was in pitchers. Went out to the Riverside Dance Palace with him. He says he was gonna put me in the movies. Says I was a natural.† She continues on with â€Å"Coulda been in the movies, an’ had nice clothes—all them nice clothes like they wear. An’ I coulda sat in them big hotels, an’ had pitchers took of me. When they had them previews I coulda went to them, an’ spoke in the radio, an’ it wouldn’ta cost me a cent because I was in the pitcher. An’ all them nice clothes like they wear. Because this guy says I was a natural.†(89). This p roves the fact that Curley’s wife dream of being in the movies because she was told by this guy she met that said she was a â€Å" natural†. This is perfect evidence of her having a dream that never came true owning to the fact that we were told by Steinbeck that her dream was to be in the movies for being such a â€Å" natural†. Furthermore, Steinbeck demonstrates throughout theShow MoreRelatedJohn Steinbeck: An American Writer During the Great Depression1315 Words   |  6 Pagesthose at the very bottom of the society. (Wang, 2012) John Steinbeck (1902-1968), born in Salinas, California, is one of the most significant and representative American writers in that era. He is the winner of the Noble Prize for Literature in 1962. John Steinbeck’s living experience in California had a great influence on his writing. He grew up in one of the richest agricultural place. Steinbeck’s lifelong interest in the beauty of nature started with his childhood experience with animals andRead MoreAmerica Is Home To Many Great Writers Whom Come Different1709 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica is home to many great writers whom come different backgrounds. American authors like John Steinbeck who add biographical elements into their pieces of writing. John Steinbeck, one of the most honorable authors of time, is known for receiving Nobel Prize, California commonwealth club medal, Pulitzer Prize, and other great accomplishments towards publishing sixteen novels. Steinbeck’s realist style of writing and life experiences impacting his life show the reader he’s been through a lot inRead MoreSymbols and Meanings of Steinbecks Of Mice and Men6007 Words   |  25 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s 1949 novella enti tled Of Mice and Men uses many significant symbols to convey meanings about the human condition. Such symbols include hands to represent labour, cards to signify chance and taking a risk, and finally, rabbits to suggest ideas about achieving one’s hopes and dreams. Symbols are a key central device in delivering meaning, as they consistently repeated throughout the narrative and are typically associated with the novella’s many characters. The hand is a significantRead MoreMice of Men Dreams of Commitment2273 Words   |  10 PagesOf Mice and Mein The Dream of Commitment. Louis Owens The Eden myth looms large in Of Mice and Men (1937), the playnovella set along the Salinas River a few miles south of Soledad (Of Mice and Men, p. 1). And, as in all of Steinbecks Califomia fiction, setting plays a central role in determining the major themes of this work. The fact that the setting for OfMice and Men is a Califomia valley dictates, according to the symbolism of Steinbecks landscapes, that this story will take place in a fallenRead MoreMice and Men Essay1035 Words   |  5 Pagesrespectively, John Steinbeck’s Of Mice And Men and Sean Penn’s Into The Wild illustrate how the fulfilment of one’s life, and their pursuit of happiness, hinge upon friendship, dreams, and one’s attitude towards life and happiness in general. Steinbeck’s 1937 novella Of Mice And Men illustrates the importance of friendship and dreams in a context of hardship and economic downturn. This is done by using George and Lennie and their dream of landown ership and material possession to demonstrate how dreams giveRead MoreThe American Dream1179 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1930’s, John Steinbeck’s touching novella Of Mice and Men focuses on the working class of America and two men, George Milton and Lennie Small, as they work on a ranch in hopes of owning their own land. Set in the dusty town of Soledad, California, Steinbeck’s classic characters offer a parable about what it means to be human. George and Lennies ambition of owning their own ranch, and the obstacles that stand in the way of that ambition, reveal the impossibility of the American Dream, while theRead MoreOf Mice and Men2269 Words   |  10 PagesOf Mice and Men John Steinbeck World Literature Mrs. Finke December 7, 2012 Of Mice and Men: A Classic for the Ages Thesis: Despite some impurity Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck should be considered as a classic due to its honesty, truth, loveliness, justice and of good report. I. Introduction II. Impurity A. Swearing B. Violence C. Economic poverty D. Psychological corruption III. Honesty A. Steinbeck’sRead MoreOf Mice And Men Sexism Essay1047 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s highly acclaimed Of Mice and Men is a classic American novella that paints a depressingly realistic portrait of America during the Great Depression in the 1930s. In this short read, Steinbeck tackles many issues that plagued the country during that time. His purpose in writing Of Mice and Men was to criticize some of those issues, such as sexism, the poor treatment of people with mental disabilities, and the facade of the American Dream. In 1920, women were finally granted suffrageRead MoreSociety In Anthem And John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men815 Words   |  4 PagesTrying times always push society to its limits and with that, show society’s true nature. This is displayed best in Ayn Rand’s Anthem and John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men; one set in a post-apocalyptic age where man struggles to rebuild and the other set during the Great-Depression. By comparing Ayn Rand’s message concerning the individual in society in Anthem to John Steinbeck’s in Of Mice and Men it is clear that one has a main message that society is a burden to the individual, while the other’sRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men864 Words   |  4 PagesMs. Kovacs English 11 17 April 2015 Predatory Nature â€Å" Our generation has no Great war, no Great Depression. Our war is spiritual. our depression is our lives.† (Chuck Palahniuk). In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck suggest that the pursuit of happiness demon straight the inevitable failure of the American Dream. The migrant workers get oppress through physiological means. The migratory workers and lot of lowers class people have predatory nature against each other. They simulate them self to feel